The story of Musa (Moses)

In the story of Yusuf (عليه السلام), after Allah (عز وجل) had saved him and after he had reconciled with his brothers, Yusuf brought his eleven brothers and his father Ya'qub (عليه السلام) from Palestine to Egypt and they all lived in Egypt. The sons of Ya'qub remained living in that land for a long period.

Ya'qub (عليه السلام) is also called Israel; and his children are called the children of Israel (Bani Israel). They lived in Egypt but they were not Egyptians. They remained there for centuries. They were powerful in Egypt because Yusuf was one of the governors of Egypt, so his brothers became powerful in Egypt.

There were wars between the ancient Egyptians (Copts and Pharaohs) and the children of Israel. For they envied the children of Israel for their situation. The children of Israel are the twelve sons of Ya'qub and their descendants. The ancient Egyptians began to envy them, so wars broke out between them and the children of Israel. These wars lasted until the pharaohs defeated the children of Israel.

At the time, every ruler of Egypt was called Pharaoh, as with the title Najashi for the ruler of Abyssinia, the title Khosrow for the ruler of the Persians, the title Caesar for the ruler of the Romans. So, the Pharaohs enslaved the children of Israel.

إِنَّ فِرْعَوْنَ عَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَجَعَلَ أَهْلَهَا شِيَعًا يَسْتَضْعِفُ طَائِفَةً مِّنْهُمْ يُذَبِّحُ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيِي نِسَاءَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ

Indeed, Pharaoh exalted himself in the land and made its people into factions, oppressing a sector among them, slaughtering their [newborn] sons and keeping their females alive. Indeed, he was of the corrupters.

Al-Qasas, verse 4

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Al-Qasas (28:4), Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi

There was an unjust and harsh pharaoh, a tyrant. Allah (عز وجل) mentioned him in the Quran, saying that he abused the weakness of the children of Israel, he turned them into slaves and servants, he humiliated them. In this situation, one night, the pharaoh had a vision during his sleep. This vision troubled him.

He woke up in a panic. What did the pharaoh see? He saw a fire coming out of the Temple of the sanctuary, a great fire that reached Egypt. Imagine this frightening vision, the vision was very clear. A fire coming out of the Temple of the sanctuary and spreading all the way to Egypt. This fire, when it reaches Egypt, burns all the houses of the pharaohs and of the Copts and spares only the Israelites (the children of Israel). The fire annihilates the people of Pharaoh, the Copts, but it does not touch the Israelites.

He woke up in a panic. He called the priests and the clairvoyants and gathered them in his council. He told them the vision; this vision that made this unjust man who mistreated people tremble. He used to say to people: "I am your most high lord" and now, he is afraid of a vision. Glory be to Allah (سبحانه وتعالى)! What troubles this weak man who claims to be the most high lord.

He gathered his priests, the clairvoyants, and the magicians. He gathered them to tell them his vision, and they explained that a boy would be born among the children of Israel. Why among the children of Israel? Because he saw the fire come out of the Temple of the Sanctuary, so the priests understood that the child would come from the children of Israel, that is, from Palestine. This child will descend from the children of Israel, and from Palestine, from the descendants of Ya'qub (عليه السلام), and it is because of this child that you will be annihilated, O you Pharaoh.

He decided to kill all the boys of the Israelites. All the male children, he will slaughter them. He sent his army to kill every boy of the children of Israel.

يُذَبِّحُ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيِي نِسَاءَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ

slaughtering their [newborn] sons and keeping their females alive. Indeed, he was of the corrupters.

Al-Qasas, verse 4

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Al-Qasas (28:4), Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi

He would spare the women and kill the boys. His ministers came to him saying: "O Pharaoh, who will serve us if you kill all the boys? There will no longer be Israelites to serve us". So he decided to kill them one year, and one year he spares them. In the year of the moratorium, a child named Harun (عليه السلام) was born, he would be a prophet, and in the year the killings applied, the mother of Musa became pregnant with Musa (عليه السلام). She would give birth the same year, the year when the pharaoh would kill the sons of the Israelites.

When the mother of Musa gave birth to Musa, she was afraid that he would be killed. Allah (عز وجل) revealed to the mother of Musa to make a wooden chest and to place the infant in it, and to put the chest in the water (Yam). It is said that it is the river Nile. Put him in the river, and put your trust in Allah.

This child in a chest will be thrown into the water but he will be returned to you one day and he will be a messenger. This child will float on the water by the will of Allah (عز وجل). The water flows, and the child is in this wooden chest and by the will of Allah, the chest will arrive near the palace of Pharaoh.

وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ أُمِّ مُوسَىٰ أَنْ أَرْضِعِيهِ ۖ فَإِذَا خِفْتِ عَلَيْهِ فَأَلْقِيهِ فِي الْيَمِّ وَلَا تَخَافِي وَلَا تَحْزَنِي ۖ إِنَّا رَادُّوهُ إِلَيْكِ وَجَاعِلُوهُ مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ

And We inspired to the mother of Moses, "Suckle him; but when you fear for him, cast him into the river and do not fear and do not grieve. Indeed, We will return him to you and will make him [one] of the messengers."

Al-Qasas, verse 7

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Al-Qasas (28:7), Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi

It was the servants who retrieved him, they found a baby in the chest and they brought him to the pharaoh. The pharaoh understood that the child was one of the Israelites. He said: "Kill him". But who intervenes? It is the wife of the pharaoh. She was a woman with a good heart; she said: "(This child) will be a delight of the eye for me and for you! Do not kill him. He might be useful to us or we will take him as a child". And they sensed nothing.

The pharaoh said: "And why would we not kill him?". She said to him: "(This child) will be a delight of my eye and of yours". He said: "No, he will be a delight of your eye alone".

Pharaoh and his army did not know who this child in their hands was. It is the child that Pharaoh is looking for, for him he killed many children; for this child, he shed blood. But here Allah (عز وجل) sends you this child so that he may grow up in your palace, he will be an enemy to you among you. "Pharaoh, Haman and their soldiers were at fault." They did not know who this child was who was sent to them by Allah (سبحانه وتعالى), Musa lived in the palace of Pharaoh by the will of Allah.

Worry seized the mother of Musa. How could she have thrown her baby into the river! She almost spoke and confessed that she had thrown her son into the river, so that people would help her find him. Except that Allah (عز وجل) reassured the mother of Musa. It is Allah who strengthened her heart, she told her eldest daughter to go look for Musa, perhaps she would find him.

The sister of Musa went out to look for her brother. She searched, asked people, inquired, and she found him in the palace of the pharaoh. Several women came to the palace to offer to nurse the infant, but Musa refused all the breasts of the wet nurses. Allah (سبحانه وتعالى) had beforehand forbidden him the breast of the wet nurses.

Each time a wet nurse gave him her breast, Musa rejected it. Thus he refused them one after another because Allah forbade him all the wet nurses. He accepted the breast of no woman, to the point that he almost died of hunger. And then, the sister of Musa entered and said: "Could I point you to a family who will be able to feed him and who will take care of him?"

The mother of Musa entered the palace among all the other wet nurses. She almost revealed that she is the mother, she believed that her son was dead, that he had drowned. She looked at him, she almost revealed her secret, but Allah strengthened her. The little one was carried to this woman, and no one doubted that he was going to accept her, and as soon as he came close to her breast, he began to feed because she is his mother; the mother of Musa.

Allah (عز وجل) says in the Quran: "And the heart of the mother of Moses became empty. She was very close to disclosing everything, had We not strengthened her heart so that she would be among the believers."

Thus Allah (عز وجل) returned the infant to his mother. It is a promise that Allah carried out: "Thus, We returned him to his mother, so that her eye might delight, that she might not grieve and that she might know that the promise of Allah is true. But most of them do not know."

قَالَتْ امْرَأَتُ فِرْعَوْنَ قُرَّتُ عَيْنٍ لِّي وَلَكَ ۖ لَا تَقْتُلُوهُ عَسَىٰ أَن يَنفَعَنَا أَوْ نَتَّخِذَهُ وَلَدًا وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ

And the wife of Pharaoh said, "[He will be] a comfort of the eye for me and for you. Do not kill him; perhaps he may benefit us, or we may adopt him as a son." And they perceived not.

Al-Qasas, verse 9

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Al-Qasas (28) verses 8-13, Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi

Musa grew up in the palace of the pharaoh. From his birth until he became a young man, strong and well-built. The extraordinary thing is that Musa, whose heart is full of faith, grew up in a palace full of disbelief. He grew up in a palace darkened by association and polytheism. Glory be to the One who brings life out of death! When Musa had grown up and become strong and of powerful build, Allah (عز وجل) gave him much wisdom and knowledge.

He was one of the children of Israel; it is true that he grew up in the palace of the pharaoh, but everyone knew that he was an Israelite. His mother never left him throughout his childhood. Everyone knew then that Musa was one of the children of Israel. But he had a great standing among the people of the pharaoh.

When he had become a man, one afternoon, he went out while people were taking their nap at home; he entered the city. When Musa entered the city, he found two men fighting. The Copt was striking the Israelite. The Israelite was a weak man, he called for help but no one was there. Musa rushed to the man's aid.

He saw the man being struck and mistreated, the Copt wanted to kill the Israelite. The man of his party called him for help against his enemy. He called Musa for help, he called on Musa to save him, and Musa was a strong and physically powerful man. Musa rushed toward the Israelite to bring him help. Musa struck the Copt with a single punch, and the latter fell to the ground. The Israelite witnessed the scene, he was afraid. Musa shook the Copt to wake him up, but the Copt was already dead from a single blow.

When Musa saw the man dead because of his mistake. Musa did not want to commit that, he only wanted to strike him to move him away from the weak man. But the Copt perished from a single punch. The man remained on the ground, the Israelite fled and Musa sat alone and began to ask forgiveness from Allah (سبحانه وتعالى).

Musa (عليه السلام) said immediately: "Lord, I have wronged myself; forgive me." And Allah forgave him. He is truly the Forgiving, the Most Merciful!

The news spread among the people. The soldiers came to the place where the man died. When the soldiers came, they discovered the terrible news. For the first time, one of the people of the pharaoh is murdered. Murdering an Israelite was normal, it could happen every day; children, women, old people, all were massacred. But when it concerns one of the people of the pharaoh, it is a crime.

The next morning, Musa went out warily, fearful, he was afraid of being arrested. Who knew what he had done? Only the Israelite knew. While Musa was walking through the city, fearful and looking around him. Here is a new problem with the same Israelite. He was fighting again against another Copt. The Israelite was calling out loudly to Musa, because he had defended him the day before.

Musa went toward him, and said: "You are certainly a declared troublemaker." You are a provocative man, every day you provoke a problem. Musa advised the Israelite against his provocations, then Musa advanced into the midst of the people with his strong and powerful body. He still wanted to help him again, but the Israelite believed the opposite.

As Musa was advancing toward them, the Israelite was afraid that Musa would strike him this time. So he began to shout "O Moses, do you want to kill me as you killed a man yesterday?" Musa looked around him, now the people know that it is Musa who killed the man the day before.

Musa fled, the soldiers began to look for him. A man came to him and said to him: "O Moses, the notables are conferring about you to kill you. Leave (the city). This is the advice I give you". He went out from there, fearful, looking around him.

Musa left Egypt heading toward Madyan.

وَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَلَىٰ حِينِ غَفْلَةٍ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيْنِ يَقْتَتِلَانِ هَٰذَا مِن شِيعَتِهِ وَهَٰذَا مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ ۖ فَاسْتَغَاثَهُ الَّذِي مِن شِيعَتِهِ عَلَى الَّذِي مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ فَوَكَزَهُ مُوسَىٰ فَقَضَىٰ عَلَيْهِ ۖ قَالَ هَٰذَا مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ ۖ إِنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ مُّضِلٌّ مُّبِينٌ

And he entered the city at a time of inattention by its people and found therein two men fighting: one from his faction and one from among his enemy. And the one from his faction called for help to him against the one from his enemy, so Moses struck him and [unintentionally] killed him. [Moses] said, "This is from the work of Satan. Indeed, he is a manifest, misleading enemy."

Al-Qasas, verse 15

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Al-Qasas (28) verses 14-21, Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi

On the way to Madyan, Musa (عليه السلام) was thirsty and hungry. He found no water to drink nor food; hunger and thirst nearly destroyed him. He was barefoot, he left Egypt for Madyan on foot. From afar, he saw a well. Around the well, there were people drawing up water. These people had camels, sheep and other livestock. They were drawing water from this well. Immediately, Musa (عليه السلام) rushed toward the well.

When he arrived at the water point of Madyan, he found a crowd of people watering their animals, and he also found two women keeping to the side with their animals. Musa (عليه السلام) was surprised to see these two women apart. He asked the two women: "What is your story?" The two women answered with great politeness: "We do not water until the shepherds have left; we do not mix with the men, we wait until all the men move away." "Do you have a father or a brother who can do it in your place?" "Our father is very old."

Musa (عليه السلام) spoke to them no more and he went to fetch water for them, then he took refuge under the shade of a tree and began to invoke Allah (عز وجل): "Lord, I am in great need of whatever good You send down to me." The two women returned home early this time because Musa had helped them. They returned to see their very old father and they told him what had happened. Then their father, who is a pious man, asked his daughters to go find Musa. "I want to speak to him", said the father.

Musa (عليه السلام) was invoking Allah (عز وجل) and he saw one of the women walking with great modesty and politeness. She said to him: "My father is calling you to reward you for having watered for us." This is where the deliverance begins; "My father is calling you to reward you for having watered for us." "You did what no one does these days." This is politeness, these are noble characters, goodness. Musa (عليه السلام) did not take advantage of the women's situation to speak to them; he had served them and withdrawn. The girl walked shyly, Musa walked in front of her. She showed him the way by throwing stones either to the right or to the left.

When he arrived at the old man's home, the latter asked him to tell him his story. Musa (عليه السلام) told him why he had left Egypt, what Pharaoh was doing to the children of Israel; how he was killing people and enslaving others, and that he had fled after killing a person by mistake. The old man reassured him: "We are on a land that neither the pharaoh nor his army will reach." "Have no fear: you have escaped from the unjust people."

Then one of the two daughters came to her father and said: "We are women, we cannot do the work of men... hire him in your service for a wage, for the best one to hire is the one who is strong and trustworthy." "O my father, hire him in your service for a wage, for the best one to hire is the one who is strong and trustworthy."

Thus began, little by little, the deliverance of Musa (عليه السلام). The old man came to tell him: "I want to make you a proposal." "What is it?", asked Musa. The man said: "I have two daughters, choose the one you want and marry her." "Choose the one you want." "But I have no dowry to give", said Musa. "Work in my service for eight years. If you complete ten years, it will be of your own free will."

Musa (عليه السلام) accepted the proposal and married one of the two daughters, and Musa (عليه السلام), the generous, lived in Madyan ten years. The generosity of the Lord, The Most High, toward Musa (عليه السلام) was this wife and this peaceful life for years far from the pharaoh and his injustice.

وَلَمَّا وَرَدَ مَاءَ مَدْيَنَ وَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ أُمَّةً مِّنَ النَّاسِ يَسْقُونَ وَوَجَدَ مِن دُونِهِمُ امْرَأَتَيْنِ تَذُودَانِ ۖ قَالَ مَا خَطْبُكُمَا ۖ قَالَتَا لَا نَسْقِي حَتَّىٰ يُصْدِرَ الرِّعَاءُ ۖ وَأَبُونَا شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ

And when he came to the well of Madyan, he found there a crowd of people watering [their flocks], and he found aside from them two women driving back [their flocks]. He said, "What is your circumstance?" They said, "We do not water until the shepherds dispatch [their flocks]; and our father is an old man."

Al-Qasas, verse 23

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Al-Qasas (28:23-28), Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi

Musa (عليه السلام) lived ten years in Madyan but he felt nostalgia for his native land: Egypt. He took his wife, his children and set off again toward Egypt, and on the way, in the middle of the Sinai desert. Musa (عليه السلام) got lost on the way. In the middle of a black and cold night, Musa was walking with his wife and his children. He began to worry for his family, perhaps they will die from this cold or perhaps a beast will devour them. Anything could happen; every time Musa walks, he came back to the same place. He worried more and more for his family.

Suddenly, Musa (عليه السلام) saw a fire from afar. He was reassured on seeing this fire, joy filled him at the sight of this fire. He said to his family: "Stay here, I am going toward this fire, perhaps I will find someone who will show me the way, and perhaps I will bring you some of this fire so that you may warm yourselves."

Musa (عليه السلام), who was dark-skinned, walked toward the fire with his staff, with his sandals on his feet; he walked step by step and when he arrived near the fire, in the valley at the foot of the mount, he found the fire. Musa was alone there, it is cold that night, Musa is at the foot of the mount named At-Tur. This fire was near a green tree. Musa (عليه السلام) found this mysterious, there is no one near the fire, the fire was alone. Musa approached, dragging his feet on the ground, and the staff in his hand.

Suddenly, Musa (عليه السلام) heard a voice calling him. What voice? "O Moses," He looked to the right and to the left, "who is calling me?". A voice that resembles no other voice. "Who knows my name? who is calling me?" "What is this mysterious voice?"

"O Moses! It is I, Allah," Allah (عز وجل) is The Greatest. It is Allah (سبحانه وتعالى) The Most High who speaks to Musa (عليه السلام). Allah (عز وجل) spoke to Moses directly. It is the first time that Allah speaks to Musa. "O Moses! It is I, Allah, the Lord of the worlds." At once, Musa (عليه السلام) listened to the word of his Lord The Most High; "and Allah spoke to Moses directly". That is why Musa (عليه السلام) is called the direct interlocutor of Allah [Kalim Allah].

He heard Allah (سبحانه وتعالى) The Most High call him: "O Moses! It is I, Allah, the Lord of the worlds." Musa (عليه السلام) was afraid at first but now he begins to feel at ease with this voice.

"Moses! I am your Lord. Remove your sandals." Musa (عليه السلام) removed his sandals. "So listen to what is going to be revealed." "I have chosen you. So listen to what is going to be revealed. Indeed, it is I, Allah: there is no deity but Me. So worship Me and establish the Salat for My remembrance. The Hour is surely coming. I barely conceal it."

Allah (عز وجل) gave him orders, then He, The Most High, said to him: "And what is that in your right hand, O Moses?" now, Musa is reassured and wants to speak to his Lord. The normal answer would be: "it is my staff" but Musa says more than that, because he felt at ease in this conversation with his Lord. "It is my staff on which I lean, with which I beat down leaves from the trees for my sheep, and I have other uses for it."

[Allah] said to him: "Throw it down, O Moses." - Throw the staff on the ground, O Musa. What for? Musa (عليه السلام) threw the staff on the ground. The staff began to shake. Allah (عز وجل) is The Greatest. It shook like a great serpent. Out of fear, Musa fled; how did it turn into a great serpent? "Then when he saw it moving as if it were a serpent, he turned his back without even looking back." He did not even look back, Musa fled but Allah called him: "O Moses! Come near and do not fear: you are among those who are safe." "Do not fear O Musa, This is one of My signs" "Take it with your right hand" Take what? Take a serpent with the hand?

Musa (عليه السلام) approached the serpent, and when he put his hand on it, the serpent became a staff again. O Allah! What a miracle! When he throws it, it becomes a serpent and when he takes it, it becomes a staff again. This is the first sign of Allah (عز وجل). And the second? "And press your hand under your armpit, and take it out, it will come out white" it will be illuminated "and when you put it back again, it will become as before"

When he takes it out again it becomes white "and that will be another wonder, so that We may show you some of Our greatest wonders." Why all this?

"You will be My envoy" to whom? "Go to Pharaoh, for he has transgressed all bounds." In the middle of this great valley, near this fire, near Mount At-Tur, it was the first time that Musa (عليه السلام) spoke to Allah (عز وجل). In the middle of this black and cold night, near this fire, began the mission of Musa (عليه السلام), to go to Pharaoh, to call him to the religion of Allah, to call him to monotheism and the worship of Allah (عز وجل).

Musa (عليه السلام) headed to Pharaoh.

فَلَمَّا قَضَىٰ مُوسَى الْأَجَلَ وَسَارَ بِأَهْلِهِ آنَسَ مِن جَانِبِ الطُّورِ نَارًا قَالَ لِأَهْلِهِ امْكُثُوا إِنِّي آنَسْتُ نَارًا لَّعَلِّي آتِيكُم مِّنْهَا بِخَبَرٍ أَوْ جَذْوَةٍ مِّنَ النَّارِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَصْطَلُونَ

And when Moses had completed the term and was traveling with his family, he perceived from the direction of the mount a fire. He said to his family, "Stay here; indeed, I have perceived a fire. Perhaps I will bring you from there [some] information or burning wood from the fire that you may warm yourselves."

Al-Qasas, verse 29

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Al-Qasas (28:29-35), Surah Ta-Ha (20:9-24), Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi

Allah (عز وجل) ordered Musa (عليه السلام) to go to Pharaoh to call him to worship Allah. Musa (عليه السلام) remembered that he had killed a person before, and that Pharaoh was looking for him to kill him. So, how will he dare go to Pharaoh? If Pharaoh kills him, how will Musa call to the worship of Allah? He thought of what had happened to his tongue when he was a young boy. So he asked his Lord to send with him his brother Harun (عليه السلام) because Harun is more eloquent than he. Allah (عز وجل) answered Musa's request.

Allah (عز وجل), speaking of Musa: "Lord, said [Moses], I have killed one of them and I fear they will kill me." That is the first sin, and it poses a problem, and the second problem? "But Aaron, my brother, is more eloquent than I. So send him with me as a helper, to confirm my truthfulness: I truly fear that they will call me a liar."

"Assign Harun to me as an assistant, increase my strength through him! and associate him with my mission" Allah (عز وجل) said to Musa: "[Allah] said: "Your request is granted, O Moses."

Musa (عليه السلام) returned to Egypt and he spoke to his brother Harun (عليه السلام), whom Allah made a prophet like him, to assist him. Harun asked what Allah had ordered. "Let us go at once to the palace of Pharaoh, and call him to worship Allah, The Most High"

When Musa (عليه السلام) -staff in hand- and Harun (عليه السلام) arrived at Pharaoh's, the guards stopped them outside. "What do you want?", asked a guard. Musa said: "I want to go in to see Pharaoh." "Who are you?", asked the guard. Musa said: "Tell him that it is Musa son of Imran." The guard went to Pharaoh and told him that someone wants to see him. "Who is it?", asked Pharaoh. "His name is Musa", answered the guard. "Which Musa?", asked Pharaoh. The guard said: "Musa son of Imran." Pharaoh said: "Musa ibn Imran has come to me himself! I have been looking for him for a long time." "He is outside, waiting to see you", said the guard.

Pharaoh asked that he be brought in. Musa entered, staff in hand and accompanied by his brother Harun (عليه السلام). Musa leaned on his staff, he was tired. Musa entered the palace of Pharaoh to transmit the message of Allah (عز وجل) and to call Pharaoh to worship Allah.

When Musa (عليه السلام) entered with his brother Harun (عليه السلام) into the palace of Pharaoh. They found notables around Pharaoh. The close ones, the ministers, the friends, all around him. When Musa entered, Pharaoh recognized him. He asked: "Why have you come, O Musa?". Musa spoke finely and politely with Pharaoh: "Would you purify yourself? and let me guide you to your Lord so that you may fear Him?"

Pharaoh was surprised and astonished. "You, O Musa, we found you, we fed you and you grew up among us, then you were absent for 10 years after killing a man, and here you are now back with a new religion. What are you talking about?" "Did we not, said Pharaoh, raise you among us as a child? And did you not remain among us years of your life? Then you committed the misdeed that you did, in spite of all gratitude."

Musa (عليه السلام) did not deny that he had killed a person by mistake. "I did it, said Moses, when I was still one of those astray. So I fled from you, but I have come back to call you again to worship Allah (سبحانه وتعالى) The Most High".

Pharaoh began to mock Musa, he mocked him in front of everyone. Pharaoh asked him, thinking that Musa would not know how to answer: "And what is the Lord of the worlds?" said Pharaoh.

Musa (عليه السلام) answered boldly: "The Lord of the heavens and the earth and of what exists between them, said [Moses], if only you could be convinced!"

Musa wanted everyone to listen to his call to monotheism. Musa wanted to say that Pharaoh, who claims to be a deity, is only a liar. Musa asks them to worship the One who created the heavens and the earth and what exists between them. Pharaoh became angry and rose from his chair, and said to his close ones: "Do you not hear what this man dares to say?" Musa answered with confidence: "Your Lord, and the Lord of your most ancient ancestors"

If Pharaoh is a deity, who then created you and created the most ancient ancestors? It is Allah (سبحانه وتعالى), The Most High. At that moment, Pharaoh began to harden his tone: "He said: "Look at this man who is supposedly sent to you, he is mad. Truly said [Pharaoh], your messenger who has been sent to you is a madman."

Musa (عليه السلام) paid no attention to Pharaoh's attack and continued. "[Moses] added: "The Lord of the East and of the West and of what is between the two; if only you understood!"

"Let us see who is mad and who understands, me, you, or the people around you, O Pharaoh", said Musa. Who is the madman and who is the reasonable one? Pharaoh got angry and burst out, saying to the people around: "There is no other deity than me for you, O Musa, if you do not stop, I will imprison you". "If you adopt, said [Pharaoh], another deity than me, I will put you among the prisoners."

Where is the dialogue O Pharaoh? Where is your brain? If you do not agree with Musa, prove it, argue with proofs, why do you want to imprison him?

That is the refuge of the weak-minded: Prison. Poor Pharaoh, poor those like Pharaoh. He does not know that Musa (عليه السلام) is not afraid of prison. Musa is not afraid, neither of attacks, nor of torture, nor of prison.

Musa (عليه السلام) answered Pharaoh, he turned the debate in his favor. Musa was wise, intelligent, he is one of the five principal prophets; he is the one who spoke to Allah. "even if I bring you a proof?", said Musa. "Before sending me to prison, let me speak to the people, let me bring you a proof"

Pharaoh asked "What can you bring as an obvious proof, when you can hardly express yourself?".

Musa (عليه السلام) then raised his hand holding the staff and he threw it in front of everyone, and behold, it became a manifest serpent. The people rose from their places, they were afraid of the staff of Musa. "[Moses] therefore threw his staff and behold, it became a manifest serpent."

Then, And he drew out his hand and behold, it is white (shining). All the people present were impressed. There, Pharaoh found nothing to say, he did not know how to react. What did the pharaoh do after that? What did he say? How did he react? Did he surrender to reality? or did he challenge Musa (عليه السلام), for a new confrontation? What happened between Musa and Pharaoh?

قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ وَمَا رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ ۝ قَالَ رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا ۖ إِن كُنتُم مُّوقِنِينَ

Said Pharaoh, "And what is the Lord of the worlds?" [Moses] said, "The Lord of the heavens and earth and that between them, if you should be convinced."

Ash-Shu'ara, verses 23-24

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Ash-Shu'ara (26:10-33), Surah Al-Qasas (28:35-36), Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi

The pharaoh told the people that what Musa (عليه السلام) had just done was magic. A magic well known among us. And we will bring him a magic like his and greater than his.

قَالَ أَجِئْتَنَا لِتُخْرِجَنَا مِنْ أَرْضِنَا بِسِحْرِكَ يَا مُوسَىٰ ۝ فَلَنَأْتِيَنَّكَ بِسِحْرٍ مِّثْلِهِ فَاجْعَلْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ مَوْعِدًا لَّا نُخْلِفُهُ نَحْنُ وَلَا أَنتَ مَكَانًا سُوًى

He said, "Have you come to us to drive us out of our land with your magic, O Moses? Then we will surely bring you magic like it, so make between us and you an appointment, which we will not fail to keep and neither will you, in a place assigned."

Ta-Ha, verses 57-58

Here, Musa (عليه السلام) seized the opportunity. You want an appointment Pharaoh? You want a place and a time for our challenge? Is it I who am right, or you and the magicians? Musa (عليه السلام) made use of this occasion. What do you want Musa? Choose the day, and choose the place and the time. And Musa (عليه السلام) chose the day of the festival. And not just any hour, he chose the morning, the hour when all the people gather. Men and women, the young and the old.

قَالَ مَوْعِدُكُمْ يَوْمُ الزِّينَةِ وَأَن يُحْشَرَ النَّاسُ ضُحًى

[Moses] said, "Your appointment is on the day of the festival when the people assemble at mid-morning."

Ta-Ha, verse 59

My condition is that everyone gather. When the sun has already risen and the people are all watching, so that nothing is hidden from the people. And indeed, that day came. Pharaoh gathered the magicians, he said bring me all learned magicians; bring me the best magician of Egypt. And all the magicians were brought to Pharaoh, they gathered at Pharaoh's and they said to him: Will we have a reward if we are the victors?

قَالَ نَعَمْ وَإِنَّكُمْ إِذًا لَّمِنَ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ

He said, "Yes, and indeed, you will then be of those near [to me]."

Ash-Shu'ara, verse 42

And pharaoh began to group the people, he gathers the inhabitants of Egypt and they gather the sons of Israel. Everyone, among the people of Pharaoh and the sons of Israel. The people gathered awaiting this battle and this challenge. The woman went out with her children, the elderly, the old men, the little ones, the women, the men, everyone went out that day to be witnesses of this battle.

Is the God of Musa (عليه السلام) and Harun (عليه السلام) right, or is it Pharaoh who is right? And the people gathered. And thousands of magicians before Musa (عليه السلام), and he has only his staff in his hand. Musa (عليه السلام) gave them a piece of advice. At the beginning he said to them:

قَالَ لَهُم مُّوسَىٰ وَيْلَكُمْ لَا تَفْتَرُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا فَيُسْحِتَكُم بِعَذَابٍ ۖ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنِ افْتَرَىٰ

Moses said to the magicians summoned by Pharaoh, "Woe to you! Do not invent a lie against Allah or He will exterminate you with a punishment; and he has failed who invents [such falsehood]."

Ta-Ha, verse 61

When they heard his words, they understood that these were not the words of a normal person, these were not the words of a magician. As Pharaoh had described him to them, they argued among themselves. The people did not agree, the magicians neither. What are these words? Strange words, extraordinary words. Perhaps we will be punished by Allah (عز وجل) as this man says. Some of them said: We will not confront him, and others said we will confront him.

فَتَنَازَعُوا أَمْرَهُم بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَسَرُّوا النَّجْوَىٰ

So they disputed over their affair among themselves and concealed their private conversation.

Ta-Ha, verse 62

Some of them reassured the others, they said: do not worry, these two are just magicians, they want to possess this land and drive you out of your land.

فَاجْمَعُوا كَيْدَكُمْ ثُمَّ ائْتُوا صَفًّا ۚ وَقَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْيَوْمَ مَنِ اسْتَعْلَىٰ

So resolve upon your plan and then come [forward] in line. And he has succeeded today who overcomes."

Ta-Ha, verse 64

The two teams faced each other. The team of Musa (عليه السلام), with the staff, and another team, thousands of magicians. In their hands, staffs. And they said O Musa, who will begin?

قَالُوا يَا مُوسَىٰ إِمَّا أَن تُلْقِيَ وَإِمَّا أَن نَّكُونَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَلْقَىٰ

They said, "O Moses, either you throw or we will be the first to throw."

Ta-Ha, verse 65

Musa (عليه السلام) said to them: Rather, you throw. Begin by throwing. And before throwing they said:

وَقَالُوا بِعِزَّةِ فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّا لَنَحْنُ الْغَالِبُونَ

and said, "By the might of Pharaoh, indeed it is we who are predominant."

Ash-Shu'ara, verse 44

They swear by the might of Pharaoh because they do not believe in Allah (عز وجل). Pharaoh was pleased and the magicians threw their staffs and each staff turned into a great serpent. And the thousands of staffs turned into thousands of serpents and the people draw back, the people flee. And Musa (عليه السلام) watches them and he takes fright, he fears that the people will reject his call. And they threw their staffs:

فَلَمَّا أَلْقَوْا سَحَرُوا أَعْيُنَ النَّاسِ وَاسْتَرْهَبُوهُمْ وَجَاءُوا بِسِحْرٍ عَظِيمٍ

and when they threw, they bewitched the eyes of the people and struck terror into them, and they presented a great [feat of] magic.

Al-A'raf, verse 116

They bewitched the eyes of the people as Allah (عز وجل) said. The people were afraid, and Pharaoh was pleased. And the notables around Pharaoh were pleased too. The magicians were pleased.

And Musa (عليه السلام), Allah (عز وجل) reveals to him:

وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰ أَنْ أَلْقِ عَصَاكَ

And We inspired to Moses, "Throw your staff,"

Al-A'raf, verse 117

When Musa (عليه السلام) threw his staff and it turned into a serpent that devoured all their serpents. A great serpent, this serpent was not recognizable, no one had ever seen it.

فَإِذَا هِيَ تَلْقَفُ مَا يَأْفِكُونَ ۝ فَوَقَعَ الْحَقُّ وَبَطَلَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ

and at once it devoured what they were falsifying. So the truth was established, and abolished was what they were doing.

Al-A'raf, verse 118

The magicians were defeated, when they saw that, they knew that it was an act of Allah (عز وجل) and that it is not an act of a human being. And all the magicians prostrated to Allah (عز وجل).

Pharaoh watches, and the people watch. This battle has just ended with the prostration of the magicians to Allah (عز وجل).

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Ta-Ha (20:57-65), Surah Al-A'raf (7:116-118), Surah Ash-Shu'ara (26:42-44) Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi

Pharaoh became angry at what had happened. All the magicians he had brought prostrated; to whom did they prostrate? Pharaoh said to them: To whom did you prostrate.

قَالُوا آمَنَّا

They said, "We have believed

Ta-Ha, verse 70

He says you believed in whom?

فَأُلْقِىَ ٱلسَّحَرَةُ سُجَّدًۭا قَالُوٓا۟ ءَامَنَّا بِرَبِّ هَٰرُونَ وَمُوسَىٰ

So the magicians fell down in prostration. They said, "We have believed in the Lord of Aaron and Moses."

Ta-Ha, verse 70

And Pharaoh gathered all the magicians he had brought to fight the religion of Allah (عز وجل); Pharaoh brought them, thousands of magicians. He says you believed in whom?

Then he said to them: If only you had asked my permission before believing in him.

آمَنتُمْ لَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ آذَنَ لَكُمْ

You believed him before I gave you permission.

Ta-Ha, verse 71

Then he turned to all those around him and said:

إِنَّهُ لَكَبِيرُكُمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَكُمُ السِّحْرَ

Indeed, he is your leader who has taught you magic.

Ta-Ha, verse 71

He spread among the people, after having lost, after having been exposed. He spread among the people that Musa (عليه السلام) is the chief of the magicians, that he is their commander and that it is he who showed them magic. He believed that the sons of Israel would not believe in this obvious wonder.

Pharaoh lost. And he began to threaten the magicians. He tells them that if they do not renounce their new religion and their faith in the god of Harun (عليه السلام) and Musa (عليه السلام), he will torture them. I will tie each of you to a tree, and indeed he tied them. And he said that he cut off from each one one of his hands and one of his legs. Pharaoh says, threatening the magicians:

لَأُقَطِّعَنَّ أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُم مِّنْ خِلَافٍ وَلَأُصَلِّبَنَّكُمْ فِي جُذُوعِ النَّخْلِ وَلَتَعْلَمُنَّ أَيُّنَا أَشَدُّ عَذَابًا وَأَبْقَىٰ

I will surely cut off your hands and your feet on opposite sides, and I will crucify you on the trunks of palm trees, and you will surely know which of us is more severe in [giving] punishment and more enduring."

Ta-Ha, verse 71

And the magicians who were fighting Allah (عز وجل) and his prophet, look at their determination:

قَالُوا لَن نُّؤْثِرَكَ عَلَىٰ مَا جَاءَنَا مِنَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالَّذِي فَطَرَنَا ۖ فَاقْضِ مَا أَنتَ قَاضٍ ۖ إِنَّمَا تَقْضِي هَٰذِهِ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا

They said, "Never will we prefer you over what has come to us of clear proofs and [over] He who created us. So decree whatever you are to decree. You can only decree for this worldly life.

Ta-Ha, verse 72

Do what you want Pharaoh, for we believe in Allah (عز وجل) the Lord of the worlds. What you will do is not important, cut off our hands, kill us, slaughter us, for you do that in this life (dunya) and we, we do not want this life.

Subhan'Allah. They were fighting Allah (عز وجل) and now, they are determined and they are not afraid of torture for Allah (عز وجل).

إِنَّا نَطْمَعُ أَن يَغْفِرَ لَنَا رَبُّنَا خَطَايَانَا أَن كُنَّا أَوَّلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

Indeed, we aspire that our Lord will forgive us our sins because we were the first of the believers."

Ash-Shu'ara, verse 51

And indeed, Pharaoh slaughtered them all. At the beginning of the day, they were disbelieving magicians and at the end of the day, they were innocent martyrs. Pharaoh was defeated, and it is the second time that Musa (عليه السلام) defeated him.

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Ta-Ha (20:70-73), Surah Ash-Shu'ara (26:51), Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi

Even as the magicians believed in Allah (عز وجل), and Pharaoh saw what he saw of the obvious wonders. Yet he remained in his obstinacy, in his disbelief and his stubbornness. Musa (عليه السلام) invites them to believe in Allah (عز وجل) and they continue in their disbelief. The disbelief intensified, the oppression continued and Allah (عز وجل) sent wonders upon Pharaoh and his people. Allah (عز وجل) sent them upon Pharaoh so that he might return to His worship. But how can a man like him return to the worship of his God?

The first plague that came down on them: scarcity, drought; they are struck by a drought and the crops dried up and the herds died. And they were struck by a great hunger and a great torment. And they went to see Musa (عليه السلام) to ask him to invoke Allah (عز وجل) so that He would remove this torment from them.

وَلَقَدْ أَخَذْنَا آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ بِالسِّنِينَ وَنَقْصٍ مِّنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَذَّكَّرُونَ

And We certainly seized the people of Pharaoh with years of famine and a deficiency in fruits that perhaps they would be reminded.

Al-A'raf, verse 130

Each time the plague came down on them, they went to see Musa (عليه السلام). They know that he has a God who grants his wishes, but even though they knew that, they did not believe in him.

وَلَمَّا وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلرِّجْزُ قَالُوا۟ يَٰمُوسَى ٱدْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ بِمَا عَهِدَ عِندَكَ ۖ لَئِن كَشَفْتَ عَنَّا ٱلرِّجْزَ لَنُؤْمِنَنَّ لَكَ وَلَنُرْسِلَنَّ مَعَكَ بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ

And when the punishment descended upon them, they said, "O Moses, invoke for us your Lord by what He has promised you. If you [can] remove the punishment from us, we will surely believe you, and we will send with you the Children of Israel."

Al-A'raf, verse 134

Musa (عليه السلام) invokes his God, and Allah (عز وجل) gave them back their provisions once again and the fruits grew again. And they returned to their disbelief. They remained in their disbelief and their stubbornness. And Allah (عز وجل) punished them once again, what is the punishment this time? A flood. A flood that destroyed all the crops and covered all that they had of fruits, and they went again to see Musa (عليه السلام).

And he invoked Allah (عز وجل), and when he invoked Him, they remained in their disbelief and their stubbornness. The flood stopped and the crops grew again and they increased in their disbelief and Allah (عز وجل) sent down another plague. He sent down on them locusts that destroyed all the plantations and destroyed all the crops. They said O Musa (عليه السلام), invoke your God for us. If you remove this punishment from us, if your God removes this torment from us, we will believe in him. And he invoked Allah (عز وجل). And the locusts left and the crops grew again but they remained in their obstinacy.

Floods then locusts then weevils. What are weevils? small insects that eat all the crops. After he had hidden them, the weevils and the insects came to eat them and they went to see Musa (عليه السلام). They said invoke your God for us and he invoked Allah (عز وجل) and He removed from them the weevils and the insects. But they returned to their disbelief and they continued their tyranny. And Allah (عز وجل) sent down on them another torment. The frogs, these animals spread among them. In their houses, in their rooms, on their beds; they covered the whole land. They said O Musa invoke your God for us.

And he invoked Allah (عز وجل) but they remained in their disbelief. Allah (عز وجل) saved them from the plague of the frogs and He sent them one last punishment. And it is blood; all their water turned into blood. They could no longer drink water.

فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ الطُّوفَانَ وَالْجَرَادَ وَالْقُمَّلَ وَالضَّفَادِعَ وَالدَّمَ آيَاتٍ مُّفَصَّلَاتٍ فَاسْتَكْبَرُوا وَكَانُوا قَوْمًا مُّجْرِمِينَ

So We sent upon them the flood and locusts and lice and frogs and blood as distinct signs, but they were arrogant and were a criminal people.

Al-A'raf, verse 133

The people of Pharaoh remained in their disbelief and in their obstinacy and in their pride even though they had seen the obvious wonders.

Even though Allah (عز وجل) had saved them from many torments, they remained in their disbelief.

Pharaoh and his people decided to slaughter the children of Israel, to torture them and kill them, to shed their blood; they did not leave a child or a woman without putting them to shame. The people of Pharaoh increased the tortures of the children of Israel and the latter keep on being patient and enduring, until Allah (عز وجل) revealed to Musa (عليه السلام) and to his brother Harun (عليه السلام): Order the children of Israel that each one stay in his home and that he go out of his house only for something indispensable, and make your houses a place of prayer and make them a direction for praying, and pray much and make many invocations.

وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰ وَأَخِيهِ أَن تَبَوَّآ لِقَوْمِكُمَا بِمِصْرَ بُيُوتًا وَاجْعَلُوا بُيُوتَكُمْ قِبْلَةً وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

And We inspired to Moses and his brother, "Settle your people in Egypt in houses and make your houses [facing the] qiblah and establish prayer and give good tidings to the believers."

Yunus, verse 87

But the torture only increases and the plague grows on the children of Israel, until the children of Israel came to see Musa (عليه السلام). They said O Musa, we were mistreated before you came to us and after you came to us, we go from one torment to another and from one plague to another. But the sons of Israel are patient, they have neither strength nor power. Until Allah (عز وجل) revealed to Musa (عليه السلام) and his brother Harun (عليه السلام) that it was time to leave Egypt and that it was time to depart from it.

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Al-A'raf (7:130-133), Surah Yunus (10:87-88), Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi

Order the sons of Israel, on a given day, to all go out. Their men, their women, their children and their old people. They asked Pharaoh's permission to go out for a day of festivity of theirs to celebrate their feasts, and Pharaoh believed them. So they went out that night, all of them, hundreds of thousands of people. Men and women. The old men, the children and the old women. They all went out and Pharaoh was informed of it a few hours later.

He then sent someone in their pursuit, and he gathered his army. And when he gathered it, he said to them:

إِنَّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ لَشِرْذِمَةٌ قَلِيلُونَ ۝ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَنَا لَغَائِظُونَ ۝ وَإِنَّا لَجَمِيعٌ حَاذِرُونَ

[And said], "Indeed, those are but a small band, And indeed, they are enraging us, And indeed, we are a cautious society... "

Ash-Shu'ara, verses 54-56

And he made a complete gathering, all his army, all the men. So that they set out in pursuit of the sons of Israel.

He did not want to leave either men, or women, or children, or elderly without killing them, and of course, Pharaoh went out with his army in pursuit of the sons of Israel.

Musa (عليه السلام) arrived with the sons of Israel at a shore. The sea is in front of them, at daybreak, they looked behind them and they saw Pharaoh. He was visible on the horizon. With him, his army, which perhaps exceeds hundreds of thousands. A titanic army, he arrived upon the sons of Israel. The sea is in front of them, the enemy is behind them. Who was with Musa (عليه السلام)? His brother Harun (عليه السلام). Who was with him? Joshua Ibn Nun. Who was with him? The believer of the family of Pharaoh. With him were the weak and the poor; the old women, the children and the old men.

Musa (عليه السلام) had no weapons, he had no great army. Most of them were women because Pharaoh was exterminating the male children. The people looked and were afraid. They said what are we going to do, while this ocean is in front of us? What are we going to do, while Pharaoh has caught up with us?

فَلَمَّا تَرَاءَى الْجَمْعَانِ قَالَ أَصْحَابُ مُوسَىٰ إِنَّا لَمُدْرَكُونَ

And when the two companies saw one another, the companions of Moses said, "Indeed, we are to be overtaken!"

Ash-Shu'ara, verse 61

We are going to be caught, that's it, it's over for us. Pharaoh arrived and he was happy and he said to his soldiers: Look! Look how they have been stopped by the sea. The sea prevented them from fleeing; look, the sea is on my side. The sea stopped them for us. Now we are going to annihilate them, we are going to slaughter them.

Who was with Musa (عليه السلام)? The believer of the family of Pharaoh who was on a horse. He tried to go into the water with his horse, but he came back [He could not]. So he asked Musa (عليه السلام): He said O Musa, O prophet of Allah, is it here that you were ordered to come? He said yes, it is here that I was ordered to come. The believer of the family of Pharaoh tried a second time but he came back with his horse. He questions whom? He asks questions to Musa (عليه السلام) and the sea is in front of him. He said O Musa is it here that you were ordered to come? And Musa (عليه السلام) answers him yes it is here that I was ordered to come. Where is the way out? Where is the escape?

And then Pharaoh came toward them and drew near to them.

He almost arrived and succeeded in killing them all, they were ready to slaughter the sons of Israel. It is then that Allah (عز وجل) revealed to Musa (عليه السلام). Musa (عليه السلام) was sure that victory was going to come. When the sons of Israel began to grow agitated, what did Musa (عليه السلام) say?

قَالَ كَلَّا ۖ إِنَّ مَعِيَ رَبِّي سَيَهْدِينِ

[Moses] said, "No! Indeed, with me is my Lord; He will guide me."

Ash-Shu'ara, verse 62

Allah is with me and He will never let me down. Trust in Allah (عز وجل). It is at that moment that Allah (عز وجل) gave the order to Musa (عليه السلام). Allah (عز وجل) says to Musa (عليه السلام):

أَنِ اضْرِب بِّعَصَاكَ الْبَحْرَ

Strike with your staff the sea,

Ash-Shu'ara, verse 63

and Musa (عليه السلام) struck the sea with his staff and the sea split into two parts.

فَانفَلَقَ فَكَانَ كُلُّ فِرْقٍ كَالطَّوْدِ الْعَظِيمِ

and it parted, and each portion was like a great towering mountain.

Ash-Shu'ara, verse 63

The sea split in two, each side was like an enormous mountain. Allahu Akbar!

The sea was like two mountains and there was a path between the two. Musa (عليه السلام) crossed and with him, the hundreds of thousands of the sons of Israel. All walked between the two mountains of water. Musa (عليه السلام) walked until he had passed beyond the sea and Pharaoh had just arrived. He is behind them now, he arrived at the sea and the sea was still split in two. And when Musa (عليه السلام) had passed beyond the sea, he wanted to strike the sea with his staff so that it would return as it was. Allah (عز وجل) said to him: No O Musa. Leave the sea in its state, leave it like that.

Pharaoh still hesitates, do I cross or not? The people tell him go after him Pharaoh, catch up with him, he is going to flee. And the angel Gabriel (عليه السلام) began to descend [From the sky] with a horse that attracted Pharaoh's horse. He urges it to go between the two mountains of water, and Pharaoh, involuntarily, already felt that there was something abnormal; he knew that Musa (عليه السلام) was a messenger of Allah (عز وجل), that he was sent by his lord. And Pharaoh began to cross between the two mountains of water. Where did he enter? Into his final destiny. And when he entered, his army entered with him. And when he arrived at the center of the sea, the sea took back its initial form. And the sea with its raging waves like mountains fell on Pharaoh. The sea became as it was again, it fell back on Pharaoh and his soldiers. The sea is a soldier of Allah (عز وجل) and it obeys the orders of Allah (عز وجل). Now, his soldiers are drowning, Pharaoh is drowning. During these moments, Pharaoh wanted to repent, he wanted to believe, Pharaoh says:

آمَنتُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا الَّذِي آمَنَتْ بِهِ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ وَأَنَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ

"I believe that there is no deity except that in whom the Children of Israel believe, and I am of the Muslims."

Yunus, verse 90

At that moment, Allah (عز وجل) says to Pharaoh:

آلْآنَ وَقَدْ عَصَيْتَ قَبْلُ وَكُنتَ مِنَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ

Now? And you had disobeyed [Him] before and were of the corrupters?

Yunus, verse 91

Now, repentance will be of no use to you.

The sons of Israel did not believe in the death of Pharaoh; they said Pharaoh is not dead, this person does not die! This figure who made us suffer all these years does not die. And his corpse rose to the surface. Allah (عز وجل) saved his corpse, and it still exists today:

فَالْيَوْمَ نُنَجِّيكَ بِبَدَنِكَ لِتَكُونَ لِمَنْ خَلْفَكَ آيَةً ۚ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِّنَ النَّاسِ عَنْ آيَاتِنَا لَغَافِلُونَ

So today We will save you in body that you may be to those who succeed you a sign. And indeed, many among the people, of Our signs, are heedless

Yunus, verse 92

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Ash-Shu'ara (26:52-66), Surah Yunus (10:90-92), Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi

And Allah (عز وجل) drowned Pharaoh and his soldiers in the sea. And the sons of Israel saw that. As soon as they had passed beyond the sea, they passed by a people who worshipped an idol that had the form of a calf. So they said to Musa (عليه السلام):

اجْعَل لَّنَا إِلَٰهًا كَمَا لَهُمْ آلِهَةٌ

make for us a god just as they have gods.

Al-A'raf, verse 138

Allah is great! Allah (عز وجل) saved you, and now you want another god?

قَالَ إِنَّكُمْ قَوْمٌ تَجْهَلُونَ

He said, "Indeed, you are a people behaving ignorantly.

Al-A'raf, verse 138

What is this ignorance in which you find yourselves?

Musa (عليه السلام) departed, while he was on his crossing in the Sinai desert with the sons of Israel. He departed for an appointment with his Lord. To speak to Allah (عز وجل), it is an appointment between him and Allah (عز وجل). He appointed his brother Harun (عليه السلام) to succeed him over the sons of Israel. And he had fasted a whole month, some say that it is Dhul-Qi'dah, before meeting his Lord. And Allah (عز وجل) asked him to complete it, telling him to fast 10 more days. And he went to see Him on the 10th day of Dhul-Hijjah.

Musa (عليه السلام) returned to his people with the tablets in his hand. He returned to his people to see what had happened. And he saw some people of his people worshipping the calf apart from Allah (عز وجل).

There was a man called "Samiri" who deceived them. And he mocked them. He took the gold that they had taken from the people of Pharaoh, and he made a calf. And he asked them to worship it apart from Allah (عز وجل), and the wind entered this calf and came out of it. And it made a noise like the sound of cows. And they said that the calf was a god. Some even said: "This is the god of Musa, and he forgot." Musa (عليه السلام) forgot, he went to speak with his god while he is with us. Look at their ignorance and their stupidity.

Musa (عليه السلام) saw them worshipping the calf, and dancing and singing around it. And he threw down the tablets in anger. Then he went to his brother Harun (عليه السلام). He said: "O my people what have you done?! What have you made?! Why did you do this?!"

أَعَجِلْتُمْ أَمْرَ رَبِّكُمْ

Were you impatient over the matter of your Lord?

Al-A'raf, verse 150

He threw down the tablets and seized the beard of Harun (عليه السلام); he pulled it and said: "O Harun!"

قَالَ يَا هَارُونُ مَا مَنَعَكَ إِذْ رَأَيْتَهُمْ ضَلُّوا ۝ أَلَّا تَتَّبِعَنِ ۖ أَفَعَصَيْتَ أَمْرِي ۝ قَالَ يَا ابْنَ أُمَّ لَا تَأْخُذْ بِلِحْيَتِي وَلَا بِرَأْسِي ۖ إِنِّي خَشِيتُ أَن تَقُولَ فَرَّقْتَ بَيْنَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَلَمْ تَرْقُبْ قَوْلِي

[Moses] said, "O Aaron, what prevented you, when you saw them going astray, From following me? Then have you disobeyed my order?" [Aaron] said, "O son of my mother, do not seize [me] by my beard or by my head. Indeed, I feared that you would say, 'You caused division among the Children of Israel, and you did not observe [or await] my word.' "

Ta-Ha, verses 92-94

I believed, O Musa, that if I commanded them and forbade them, they would divide. And perhaps something would happen and you would blame me, O Musa.

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Al-A'raf (7:138-150), Surah Ta-Ha (20:83-97), Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi

He went to speak to Allah (عز وجل), on that mount. And Allah (عز وجل) gave him tablets, on which Musa (عليه السلام) was to write the Torah. And he conversed with Allah (عز وجل), and Allah (عز وجل) gave him recommendations, wisdoms, lessons. And after Allah (عز وجل) had spoken to him, Musa (عليه السلام) longed to see his Lord. Every time you hear his voice, you long to see him. Musa (عليه السلام) said:

رَبِّ أَرِنِي أَنظُرْ إِلَيْكَ

My Lord, show me [Yourself] that I may look at You.

Al-A'raf, verse 143

Allah (عز وجل) said: "O Musa, no one will see me in this world (dunya). But the people of faith, in paradise, will see me."

Musa (عليه السلام) said: "O My Lord, I long to see you." Allah (عز وجل) said: "O Musa, look at this mount." And there was a great mountain near Musa (عليه السلام). "I am going to manifest myself to this mount. If it holds in its place when it has seen me, then you will see Me." And Allah (عز وجل) manifested himself to the mountain and the mountain was pulverized. And the mountain collapsed, and became earth. When Musa (عليه السلام) saw what happened, he was thunderstruck. He collapsed, thunderstruck, then he got up and said:

سُبْحَانَكَ تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ

Exalted are You! I have repented to You,

Al-A'raf, verse 143

قَالَ رَبِّ أَرِنِي أَنظُرْ إِلَيْكَ ۚ قَالَ لَن تَرَانِي وَلَٰكِنِ انظُرْ إِلَى الْجَبَلِ فَإِنِ اسْتَقَرَّ مَكَانَهُ فَسَوْفَ تَرَانِي ۚ فَلَمَّا تَجَلَّىٰ رَبُّهُ لِلْجَبَلِ جَعَلَهُ دَكًّا وَخَرَّ مُوسَىٰ صَعِقًا ۚ فَلَمَّا أَفَاقَ قَالَ سُبْحَانَكَ تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَأَنَا أَوَّلُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

he said, "My Lord, show me [Yourself] that I may look at You." [Allah] said, "You will not see Me, but look at the mountain; if it should remain in place, then you will see Me." But when his Lord appeared to the mountain, He rendered it level, and Moses fell unconscious. And when he awoke, he said, "Exalted are You! I have repented to You, and I am the first of the believers."

Al-A'raf, verse 143

I am the first of those who submit and of the believers, O Lord. Then Allah (عز وجل) asked him the question:

وَمَا أَعْجَلَكَ عَن قَوْمِكَ يَا مُوسَىٰ

[Allah] said, "And what made you hasten from your people, O Moses?"

Ta-Ha, verse 83

He said to Allah (عز وجل):

قَالَ هُمْ أُولَاءِ عَلَىٰ أَثَرِي وَعَجِلْتُ إِلَيْكَ رَبِّ لِتَرْضَىٰ

He said, "They are close upon my tracks, and I hastened to You, my Lord, that You be pleased."

Ta-Ha, verse 84

قَالَ فَإِنَّا قَدْ فَتَنَّا قَوْمَكَ مِن بَعْدِكَ وَأَضَلَّهُمُ السَّامِرِيُّ

[Allah] said, "But indeed, We have tried your people after you [departed], and the Samiri has led them astray."

Ta-Ha, verse 85

So Musa (عليه السلام) returned to them.

He said: "O my people Why did you do this? Why did you do this? Who deceived you and made you worship the calf apart from Allah?" And they said to Musa (عليه السلام): it is a man. "Who is it?" They answered that it is a man by the name of Samiri. "Where is he?" And they brought Samiri to Musa (عليه السلام). They said to him: "Come! Musa wants to see you." And Musa (عليه السلام) called him and spoke with him and he said to him: "Why did you do this O Samiri?"

He said: "When Allah annihilated Pharaoh, I saw Gabriel who was on a horse. And I took a few fragments from the tracks of his horse, then I threw them onto something we had built that had the form of a calf, the son of the cow. And they had taken a little gold from the people of Pharaoh. And we built with it a calf like the one we had seen being worshipped apart from Allah. Then I threw onto this calf the tracks of the messenger, who was Gabriel. And it began to make a sound And I told the people that it was their god apart from Allah."

قَالَ فَمَا خَطْبُكَ يَا سَامِرِيُّ ۝ قَالَ بَصُرْتُ بِمَا لَمْ يَبْصُرُوا بِهِ فَقَبَضْتُ قَبْضَةً مِّنْ أَثَرِ الرَّسُولِ فَنَبَذْتُهَا وَكَذَٰلِكَ سَوَّلَتْ لِي نَفْسِي

[Moses] said, "And what is your case, O Samiri?" He said, "I saw what they did not see, so I took a handful [of dust] from the track of the messenger and threw it, and thus did my soul entice me."

Ta-Ha, verses 95-96

And the punishment then fell on Samiri. Musa (عليه السلام) said to him: "O Samiri, you will live in this lower world, and you will not be able to touch anyone and no one will touch you."

قَالَ فَاذْهَبْ فَإِنَّ لَكَ فِي الْحَيَاةِ أَن تَقُولَ لَا مِسَاسَ

[Moses] said, "Then go. And indeed, it is [decreed] for you in [this] life to say, 'No contact.'

Ta-Ha, verse 97

But your true appointment, for your punishment O Samiri, will be with Allah (عز وجل).

وَإِنَّ لَكَ مَوْعِدًا لَّن تُخْلَفَهُ

And indeed, you have an appointment [in the Hereafter] you will not fail to keep.

Ta-Ha, verse 97

And this calf that was worshipped apart from Allah (عز وجل), now we are going to burn it. Then we will scatter its ashes in the water. So that you may see the traces of your creation O Samiri.

وَانظُرْ إِلَىٰ إِلَٰهِكَ الَّذِي ظَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ عَاكِفًا ۖ لَّنُحَرِّقَنَّهُ ثُمَّ لَنَنسِفَنَّهُ فِي الْيَمِّ نَسْفًا ۝ إِنَّمَا إِلَٰهُكُمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِي لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ وَسِعَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ عِلْمًا

And look at your 'god' to which you remained devoted. We will surely burn it and blow it into the sea with a blast. Your god is only Allah, except for whom there is no deity. He has encompassed all things in knowledge."

Ta-Ha, verses 97-98

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Al-A'raf (7:143), Surah Ta-Ha (20:83-98), Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi

Samiri was driven away and it was forbidden for him to be touched or to touch anyone else. Then Musa (عليه السلام) took back the tablets he had thrown down, then he said to the sons of Israel: the punishment of whoever worshipped the calf is that he be killed, he must be slaughtered. And those who had worshipped the calf were thousands. Musa (عليه السلام) said to them: "O my people, Allah asks you to repent and your repentance is death."

فَتُوبُوا إِلَىٰ بَارِئِكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوا أَنفُسَكُمْ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ عِندَ بَارِئِكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ

So repent to your Creator and kill yourselves. That is best for [all of] you in the sight of your Creator." Then He accepted your repentance; indeed, He is the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful.

Al-Baqarah, verse 54

And the sun rose and in the hands of those who had not worshipped the calf, swords. And they began to kill thousands of people. In a single day, those who had worshipped the calf. And the others? Those who had seen and said nothing. Musa (عليه السلام) chose from among those 70 men. He took the 70, and they were the best people; they were among the most useful people and they were the most devout. He said to them: "Come with me, let us go to a mount to worship Allah and to ask His forgiveness so that He may forgive us." Musa (عليه السلام) left with them, on a mount, and Musa (عليه السلام) became invisible. The people no longer saw him, he was speaking with his Lord. And the 70 among the worshippers were asking forgiveness from Allah (عز وجل). And they were invoking Allah (عز وجل) and imploring Him until He forgave them.

After Allah (عز وجل) had finished speaking with Musa (عليه السلام), Musa (عليه السلام) came back to them and they asked him a new request.

The story of the sons of Israel: every time Allah (عز وجل) forgives them, they start again and commit a very great sin. And another transgression. Do you know what they asked for now? The 70 worshippers, the 70 pious men, ask their God for something strange. They say to Musa (عليه السلام): "O Musa, we will believe in you, but on one condition."

After what you have just heard and read, and the obvious wonders you have seen, what is your request? They said: "We want to see Allah, otherwise we will not believe in him!"

وَإِذْ قُلْتُمْ يَا مُوسَىٰ لَن نُّؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّىٰ نَرَى اللَّهَ جَهْرَةً فَأَخَذَتْكُمُ الصَّاعِقَةُ وَأَنتُمْ تَنظُرُونَ

And [recall] when you said, "O Moses, we will never believe you until we see Allah outright"; so the thunderbolt took you while you were looking on.

Al-Baqarah, verse 55

And the 70 men were seized by an earthquake and by lightning, they were all annihilated. And Musa (عليه السلام) asked Allah (عز وجل) to resurrect them once again:

ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَاكُم مِّن بَعْدِ مَوْتِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ

Then We revived you after your death that perhaps you would be grateful.

Al-Baqarah, verse 56

The sons of Israel are like that, from one wonder to another, from one obvious sign to another obvious sign... Then they disbelieve once again. How much did Musa (عليه السلام) suffer with the sons of Israel.

Musa (عليه السلام) set off again with the 70 men once more to the sons of Israel.

Musa (عليه السلام) left with the sons of Israel, passing through the Sinai desert in the direction of Bayt Al Maqdiss, in the direction of the Holy and blessed land. And when he arrived at Bayt Al Maqdiss with the sons of Israel. He said to them: "Enter this blessed land, this Holy land that Allah has decreed for you and for the people of faith." How did the sons of Israel answer Musa (عليه السلام) while they are near Bayt Al Maqdiss:

قَالُوا يَا مُوسَىٰ إِنَّ فِيهَا قَوْمًا جَبَّارِينَ وَإِنَّا لَن نَّدْخُلَهَا حَتَّىٰ يَخْرُجُوا مِنْهَا فَإِن يَخْرُجُوا مِنْهَا فَإِنَّا دَاخِلُونَ

They said, "O Moses, indeed within it is a people of tyrannical strength, and indeed, we will never enter it until they leave it; but if they leave it, then we will enter."

Al-Ma'idah, verse 22

It is at that moment that Joshua Ibn Nun spoke up, and the believer of the family of Pharaoh. They reminded their people of Allah (عز وجل) and they reminded them of the fear of Allah (عز وجل). And they answered Musa (عليه السلام) impudently:

قَالُوا يَا مُوسَىٰ إِنَّا لَن نَّدْخُلَهَا أَبَدًا مَّا دَامُوا فِيهَا ۖ فَاذْهَبْ أَنتَ وَرَبُّكَ فَقَاتِلَا إِنَّا هَا هُنَا قَاعِدُونَ

They said, "O Moses, indeed we will not enter it, ever, as long as they are within it; so go, you and your Lord, and fight. Indeed, we are remaining right here."

Al-Ma'idah, verse 24

A lack of respect toward Musa (عليه السلام). Musa (عليه السلام) answered, fearing his Lord:

قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي لَا أَمْلِكُ إِلَّا نَفْسِي وَأَخِي ۖ فَافْرُقْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِينَ

[Moses] said, "My Lord, indeed I do not possess except myself and my brother, so part us from the defiantly disobedient people."

Al-Ma'idah, verse 25

Allah (عز وجل) said:

قَالَ فَإِنَّهَا مُحَرَّمَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ

[Allah] said, "Then indeed, it is forbidden to them

Al-Ma'idah, verse 26

Allah (عز وجل) forbade them Bayt Al Maqdiss. For a period of 40 years, so that there would be a new generation:

أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً ۛ يَتِيهُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ

for forty years [in which] they will wander throughout the land.

Al-Ma'idah, verse 26

They will wander in the Sinai desert without knowing how to get out of it. Every time they walk a distance of a few days, they come back to the starting point. A wandering for 40 years. Then after the 40 years, they once again had the right to enter it.

During this wandering and in this desert, many things happened and Allah (عز وجل) spoke of some of these things. Allah (عز وجل) gave them a food called Manna (Manna is a sweet exudation coming from several plants) while they were in a desert. A delicious food with which they made their bread. And the quails, which were birds that came all the time with ease, and they ate of them as much as they wanted:

وَظَلَّلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْغَمَامَ وَأَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَىٰ ۖ كُلُوا مِن طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ وَمَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلَٰكِن كَانُوا أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ

And We shaded you with clouds and sent down to you manna and quails, [saying], "Eat from the good things with which We have provided you." And they wronged Us not - but they were [only] wronging themselves.

Al-Baqarah, verse 57

Even for water, Musa (عليه السلام) would strike the rock with his staff and 12 springs would gush from this rock. For each line of descent of the 12 sons of Ya'qub (عليه السلام), a spring. They eat and drink. But they went to see Musa (عليه السلام) all the same. They said to him: "Invoke your Lord for us so that He makes the produce of the earth grow for us." They argued with Musa (عليه السلام) about everything.

Forty years Musa (عليه السلام) was patient, putting up with them and enduring their ordeals.

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Al-Baqarah (2:54-57), Surah Al-Ma'idah (5:22-26), Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi

One day, there was a rich man, who was with them in their wandering in the Sinai desert. There was a rich man whom they found dead at the beginning of the day. They looked for the murderer but they did not find him. They went to see Musa (عليه السلام) and they said: "O Musa: invoke your Lord so that He tells you who killed this man." And he invoked Allah (عز وجل) and Musa (عليه السلام) came to them and said: "Allah orders you to slaughter a cow. Slaughter a cow, any cow."

قَالُوا أَتَتَّخِذُنَا هُزُوًا

They said, "Do you take us in ridicule?"

Al-Baqarah, verse 67

"We ask you who killed the man and you tell us to slaughter a cow? Is this a mockery? Is it a joke?"

قَالَ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْجَاهِلِينَ

He said, "I seek refuge in Allah from being among the ignorant."

Al-Baqarah, verse 67

Then when they were convinced:

قَالُوا ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّن لَّنَا مَا هِيَ

They said, "Call upon your Lord to make clear to us what it is."

Al-Baqarah, verse 68

Slaughter any cow! But they want to argue, and they are stubborn, and questions without grounds.

قَالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ لَّا فَارِضٌ وَلَا بِكْرٌ عَوَانٌ بَيْنَ ذَٰلِكَ ۖ فَافْعَلُوا مَا تُؤْمَرُونَ

[Moses] said, "[Allah] says, 'It is a cow which is neither old nor virgin, but median between that,' so do what you are commanded."

Al-Baqarah, verse 68

They were sturdy and Allah (عز وجل) wearied them. They said: "What is its color?"

قَالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ صَفْرَاءُ فَاقِعٌ لَّوْنُهَا تَسُرُّ النَّاظِرِينَ

He said, "He says, 'It is a yellow cow, bright in color - pleasing to the observers.' "

Al-Baqarah, verse 69

Slaughter any cow that has these descriptions. They came back the third time:

قَالُوا ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّن لَّنَا مَا هِيَ إِنَّ الْبَقَرَ تَشَابَهَ عَلَيْنَا وَإِنَّا إِن شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَمُهْتَدُونَ

They said, "Call upon your Lord to make clear to us what it is. Indeed, [all] cows look alike to us. And indeed we, if Allah wills, will be guided."

Al-Baqarah, verse 70

The cows were not indistinguishable, but it is obstinacy, pride.

قَالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ لَّا ذَلُولٌ تُثِيرُ الْأَرْضَ وَلَا تَسْقِي الْحَرْثَ مُسَلَّمَةٌ لَّا شِيَةَ فِيهَا

He said, "He says, 'It is a cow neither trained to plow the earth nor to irrigate the field, one free from fault with no spot upon her.' "

Al-Baqarah, verse 71

قَالُوا الْآنَ جِئْتَ بِالْحَقِّ

They said, "Now you have come with the truth."

Al-Baqarah, verse 71

They found it with an orphan, they asked him the price of its weight in gold, and they gave it to him and they slaughtered the cow. He said: "Take some of its bones, and strike this man with them." They struck the dead man and he woke up. And he pointed out his murderer, who was the son of his brother.

كَذَٰلِكَ يُحْيِي اللَّهُ الْمَوْتَىٰ

Thus does Allah bring the dead to life,

Al-Baqarah, verse 73

Many events took place during this wandering, during these forty years, until the death of Musa (عليه السلام) drew near. His brother Harun (عليه السلام) had died before him, then his end drew near and he invoked Allah (عز وجل) to make him die near Bayt al Maqdiss. And indeed Allah (عز وجل) took his life and he was buried there.

Even our prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: "If I wished, I would show you his place (grave) beside the road near the red dune, in a red desert, toward the red dune, it is there that Musa was buried."

Musa (عليه السلام) was one of the messengers most tried by his people, but he kept his patience and his faith until the end. His story teaches us perseverance in the face of adversity, trust in Allah (عز وجل) in the most difficult moments, and the importance of divine guidance to overcome all trials.

May the peace and blessings of Allah (عز وجل) be upon Musa (عليه السلام), the Kalim Allah (The one who spoke to Allah), and upon all the prophets and messengers.

Authentic Sources

Quran: Surah Al-Baqarah (2:67-73), Hadith reported by Ahmad, Videos of Sheikh Nabil Al-Awadi